Citizen Rights

Over 1 billion people worldwide belong to vulnerable groups, facing systemic discrimination and exclusion. These individuals often struggle to access basic services, opportunities, and...

Every year, thousands of individuals in the United States report incidents of police discrimination, a pervasive issue that undermines public trust in law enforcement....

Nearly 6 in 10 Americans believe police officers are more likely to use excessive force against people of color. This stark reality underscores the...

Racial profiling remains a persistent issue, with the American Civil Liberties Union reporting thousands of complaints annually. These incidents, often subtle yet deeply damaging,...

Every day, vast amounts of personal data are collected and analyzed, often without individuals' explicit knowledge or consent. This data can be used to...

Every year, millions of Americans experience what is racial profiling police—a practice that disproportionately targets individuals based on race or ethnicity rather than behavior...

Police officers in the United States take an oath to uphold the Constitution, which includes the critical responsibility of ensuring equal protection under the...

Every year, millions of Americans interact with law enforcement, and in each of those encounters, due process obligations shape the outcome. These legal requirements...

Every year, thousands of individuals face legal proceedings that can significantly impact their lives, yet many remain unaware of their fundamental right to a...

In 2018, a comprehensive study sent shockwaves through the justice system, revealing that only 35 police officers were convicted for lying on duty in...

Perjury by law enforcement officers is more common than many realize, with studies suggesting it occurs in roughly 5% of cases involving police testimony....

Filing a false police report is no minor infraction. In many jurisdictions, it's a serious crime that can result in severe penalties, including up...

Police misconduct cases often involve a disturbing practice: evidence fabrication. In the United States alone, the National Registry of Exonerations reports that evidence tampering...

Evidence tampering undermines the very foundation of justice, with studies showing it occurs in nearly one in five criminal cases. This deliberate manipulation of...

Every year, thousands of criminal cases hinge on the integrity of evidence. The police chain of custody ensures that evidence remains reliable and admissible...

Every year, thousands of criminal cases hinge on the proper handling of evidence. A single mishandled piece can lead to wrongful convictions or criminals...

Over 1,800 people in the United States have been exonerated after wrongful convictions, many due to prosecutors withholding evidence. This practice, and the legal...

In a landmark decision, a federal court has ruled that law enforcement agencies must disclose evidence to defendants within 72 hours of arrest. This...

Police officers make nearly 10 million arrests each year in the United States, but not every arrest leads to a charge. The decision to...

Every year, prosecutors across the United States dismiss nearly one-fifth of all criminal cases before they even reach trial. This staggering statistic reveals a...

Law enforcement officers play a pivotal role in the criminal justice system, with their actions often determining the course of prosecution. In fact, police...

Delays in the justice system are not merely bureaucratic inconveniences; they are systemic issues with profound consequences. A recent study reveals that police actions...

Over 58,000 individuals await trial in U.S. jails, with many cases languishing for years. This stark reality underscores the critical importance of the right...

Every year, thousands of individuals find themselves detained by law enforcement, often leaving families and communities searching for answers. The legal principle of habeas...

Every year, millions of individuals in the United States experience police detention, a situation that can be confusing and intimidating. Knowing what to do...

Over the past decade, police accountability courts have emerged as a crucial component in the pursuit of justice and reform within law enforcement. These...

Every year, courts across the United States meticulously examine approximately 12,000 police actions, a critical process known as judicial review. This rigorous examination ensures...

Every year, thousands of Americans face situations where they feel their rights have been violated by law enforcement. According to the National Police Misconduct...

In a landmark decision, a federal court recently ruled on a staggering 95% of motions to suppress evidence filed in criminal cases. This unprecedented...

In a landmark decision, a federal court recently ruled that evidence from 2015 could be used in a current trial, despite vigorous objections from...

Every 8 hours, a police officer is arrested for misconduct in the United States. These incidents range from excessive force to wrongful arrests, leaving...

Every year, thousands of complaints are filed against law enforcement officers in the United States for misconduct, highlighting a persistent issue in the criminal...

Police officers are typically bound by the geographical limits of their jurisdiction, but there are exceptions that allow them to act beyond these boundaries....

Local police forces respond to over 8.5 million calls for service annually, a staggering number that underscores the critical role they play in maintaining...

State police forces operate in 37 U.S. states, serving over 200 million residents. These agencies wield significant authority, balancing local law enforcement with state-level...

The Federal Police Authority wields significant power, with jurisdiction over 84 criminal offenses and the authority to investigate and prosecute cases across all 32...

Every year, thousands of civilians interact with military police, often during tense or uncertain situations. Understanding one's rights in these encounters can make a...

Military police forces operate in over 140 countries worldwide, serving as a critical bridge between civilian law enforcement and military discipline. These specialized units...

The Coast Guard stands as a unique branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, operating under both the Department of Homeland Security and the Department...

Every year, thousands of maritime incidents occur worldwide, many involving law enforcement. Whether sailing for leisure or working aboard a vessel, understanding What Are...

Stretching across 95% of the Earth's surface, the world's oceans are vast, complex, and often dangerous. Navigating these waters requires a specialized force, one...

Global trade moves $25 trillion worth of goods annually, yet less than 2% of shipments undergo physical inspection. This staggering statistic underscores the critical...

U.S. Border Patrol agents conduct approximately 10,000 warrantless searches annually, raising significant legal and privacy concerns. These searches occur within 100 miles of any...

Every year, over 1.4 billion people cross international borders, each encountering a complex web of rules and regulations. At the heart of these interactions...

Border police authorities play a critical role in maintaining national security, with over 200 million travelers screened annually at U.S. ports of entry alone....

Police have the authority to stop individuals on public transport, a power they exercise thousands of times daily across the country. This enforcement action...

Every day, thousands of travelers interact with transport police, yet many remain unaware of their rights during these encounters. A recent survey revealed that...

Transit police forces operate in over 30 countries worldwide, maintaining safety and order in public transportation systems. These specialized units possess unique authority to...

Over 10,000 private police forces operate in the United States today, a number that has grown steadily over the past two decades. These entities,...

Every 6 seconds, a police officer responds to a call for assistance, highlighting the constant need for effective security measures. Police backup to security...